Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth. They can affect the heart walls, valves, and blood vessels. Some common CHDs include atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). These defects can lead to improper blood flow and require medical intervention, ranging from medication to surgery.
