The diagnosis of MPGN typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key diagnostic tools include:
Urinalysis to detect hematuria and proteinuria. Blood tests to assess kidney function, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Complement levels (C3 and C4), which may be low in some forms of MPGN. Renal biopsy, which is essential for definitive diagnosis and classification of MPGN.