In some cases, regional anesthesia techniques such as spinal or epidural anesthesia may be considered as alternatives to general anesthesia. These techniques can provide effective pain relief with potentially fewer systemic effects. However, their use in neonates is limited and requires expertise. Sedation combined with local anesthesia may also be an option for less invasive procedures. The choice of anesthetic technique depends on various factors, including the type of surgery and the neonate's overall condition.
