Cardiac Surgery: Congenital heart defects such as Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Arteries often require complex cardiac surgeries. These may include procedures like arterial switch operation or ventricular septal defect repair. Gastrointestinal Surgery: Conditions like Hirschsprung's disease and necrotizing enterocolitis necessitate surgeries such as bowel resection or colostomy. Thoracic Surgery: Diaphragmatic hernias and pulmonary sequestration often require surgical correction to prevent respiratory complications. Neurosurgery: Neonates with spina bifida may need surgical intervention to close the spinal defect and prevent further neurological damage.
