Given the risks associated with barbiturate use, alternative medications are often considered. For seizure control, phenobarbital is commonly used, though it is itself a barbiturate, it is considered the safest in this class for neonates. Other options include benzodiazepines like lorazepam or midazolam, and newer anticonvulsants such as levetiracetam. For sedation, medications like opioids (e.g., fentanyl) and dexmedetomidine can be alternatives.
