- Medical History and Physical Examination: A thorough history and physical exam can provide initial clues about a child's bone health. - Bone Density Tests: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans measure bone density and can help diagnose conditions like osteoporosis. - Blood Tests: These can check levels of calcium, vitamin D, and other markers of bone health. - X-rays: These can identify bone deformities, fractures, or other abnormalities.