What is Giardia Lamblia?
Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal illness in humans, particularly in children. It is one of the most common causes of waterborne diseases worldwide. The infection caused by Giardia lamblia is known as giardiasis.
How is Giardia Lamblia Transmitted?
Giardia lamblia is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of
contaminated water or food. It can also spread via person-to-person contact, particularly in settings like daycare centers where close contact and poor hygiene facilitate the transmission. The cysts of the parasite can survive for long periods in the environment, making it easy to contract the infection from contaminated surfaces.
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Gas and bloating
Greasy stools that tend to float
Weight loss
Fatigue
Some children may remain asymptomatic but can still spread the parasite to others.
How is Giardiasis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of giardiasis typically involves a stool sample analysis to detect the presence of Giardia lamblia cysts or trophozoites. Multiple stool samples may be needed because the shedding of cysts can be intermittent. Advanced diagnostic methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can also be used for more accurate detection.
It is important to follow the prescribed treatment regimen to ensure the complete eradication of the parasite.
Ensuring access to clean drinking water
Practicing good hand hygiene, especially after using the toilet and before eating
Properly washing fruits and vegetables before consumption
Avoiding untreated water from lakes, rivers, or streams
Educating children about the importance of hygiene
Malabsorption syndrome
Growth retardation
Chronic diarrhea
Weight loss and malnutrition
These complications are particularly concerning in children, as they can affect growth and development.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
If your child exhibits persistent symptoms such as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, or signs of dehydration, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help your child recover more quickly.
