How is it Transmitted?
Erythema infectiosum is transmitted via
respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through blood or blood products. The infection is most contagious before the rash appears, making it difficult to prevent transmission.
What are the Symptoms?
The initial symptoms of erythema infectiosum are typically mild and can include a low-grade
fever, headache, and
flu-like symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches. After a few days, the characteristic red rash appears on the face, often described as a "slapped cheek" appearance. This is followed by a
lace-like rash on the trunk and limbs, which may be itchy.
Who is at Risk?
Children aged 5 to 15 years are most commonly affected by erythema infectiosum. However, the infection can also occur in adults. Pregnant women, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those with certain blood disorders, such as
sickle cell anemia, are at a higher risk for complications.
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually based on the appearance of the characteristic rash and clinical history. A
blood test can be conducted to detect parvovirus B19 antibodies, especially in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain or if complications are suspected.
What are the Potential Complications?
Complications are rare but can occur. In individuals with weakened immune systems, the infection can cause severe anemia. Pregnant women infected with parvovirus B19 have a risk of fetal complications, including
hydrops fetalis and miscarriage. Those with chronic hemolytic anemias may experience an
aplastic crisis.
What is the Treatment?
There is no specific antiviral treatment for erythema infectiosum. The infection is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, such as using antipyretics for fever and analgesics for pain. It is important to keep the child well-hydrated and rested.
How Can it be Prevented?
Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help prevent the spread of the virus. There is currently no vaccine available for parvovirus B19.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
While erythema infectiosum is generally mild, seek medical attention if your child has a high fever, difficulty breathing, or if the rash becomes more severe. Pregnant women who suspect they have been exposed to the virus should contact their healthcare provider immediately.
