Exchange transfusion is typically indicated in cases where other treatments, such as phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, are ineffective. Key conditions requiring this procedure include:
Severe jaundice caused by high levels of bilirubin. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to blood group incompatibility, such as Rh or ABO incompatibility. Severe neonatal infections leading to sepsis. Certain metabolic disorders.
