Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a serious condition that affects newborns, typically contracted from the mother during childbirth. This virus can cause severe complications, including skin lesions, encephalitis, and systemic disease, which can be life-threatening for the infant. HSV is classified into two types: HSV-1, commonly associated with oral infections, and HSV-2, which is usually linked to genital infections.