Congenital conditions can be classified into several categories:
Structural abnormalities: These involve the physical structure of the body, such as congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, and spina bifida. Functional abnormalities: These affect how a part of the body works, such as congenital hypothyroidism or cystic fibrosis. Metabolic disorders: These involve problems with the body's chemistry, like phenylketonuria (PKU) or galactosemia. Chromosomal abnormalities: These result from changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.
