General Appearance
The pediatrician will start by observing the child's general appearance. This includes assessing their activity level, behavior, and interaction with the environment. The child's posture, gait, and any visible deformities are also noted.
Head and Neck
The head is examined for shape, size, and symmetry. The pediatrician will check the
fontanelles in infants, which are the soft spots on the head. The eyes, ears, nose, and throat are inspected for any abnormalities. The neck is palpated for lymph nodes and thyroid gland enlargement.
Skin
The skin is assessed for color, texture, and the presence of any lesions or rashes. Conditions like
eczema,
birthmarks, and bruises are noted. The pediatrician will also look for signs of infections or allergic reactions.
Chest and Lungs
The chest is observed for shape and symmetry. The pediatrician will listen to the lungs using a stethoscope to check for normal breath sounds. Abnormalities such as wheezing or crackles could indicate respiratory issues.
Heart
The heart is examined by auscultation to listen for heart sounds, murmurs, or irregular rhythms. The pediatrician will also check for peripheral pulses to assess circulation.
Abdomen
The abdomen is palpated to check for organ size, tenderness, and the presence of any masses. The pediatrician will also listen for bowel sounds using a stethoscope.
Genitalia and Anus
The external genitalia are examined for normal development and the presence of any abnormalities. In male infants, the position of the testes is checked. The anus is inspected for any abnormalities or signs of infection.
Extremities
The arms and legs are examined for symmetry, muscle tone, and the presence of any deformities. The pediatrician will also check the joints for swelling or limited range of motion.
