Supplemental oxygen is needed in various situations, including: - Respiratory distress: Conditions like bronchiolitis, asthma, or pneumonia can impair a childâs ability to breathe effectively. - Preterm infants: They often suffer from underdeveloped lungs and conditions like Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). - Congenital heart defects: Some heart conditions can affect oxygenation in the blood. - Chronic lung diseases: Diseases such as cystic fibrosis or bronchopulmonary dysplasia may require long-term oxygen therapy.