Exchange transfusions are most commonly indicated in the following neonatal conditions:
- Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN): This condition arises when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby, such as Rh or ABO incompatibility. It can lead to severe jaundice and anemia in the newborn. - Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: When bilirubin levels in the blood are extremely high and cannot be controlled by phototherapy, an exchange transfusion may be necessary to prevent kernicterus, a type of brain damage. - Neonatal Sepsis: In severe cases of infection that do not respond to antibiotics and other treatments, an exchange transfusion can help to remove toxins and infected blood components. - Extreme cases of Polycythemia: Where there is an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells, leading to increased blood viscosity and potential complications.
