Once the baby is born, several diagnostic techniques are used to identify neonatal disorders:
1. Physical Examination: The first step in postnatal diagnosis involves a thorough physical examination by a neonatologist. This can reveal signs of congenital abnormalities or other immediate health concerns.
2. Blood Tests: Newborn screening tests typically involve a heel prick to collect blood. These tests screen for metabolic and genetic disorders like phenylketonuria (PKU) and sickle cell disease.
3. Imaging Studies: Techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs help in diagnosing internal abnormalities, including brain injuries and lung issues.
4. Echocardiography: This ultrasound of the heart assesses cardiac function and detects congenital heart defects.
5. Electroencephalography (EEG): This test measures electrical activity in the brain and helps diagnose neurological conditions like seizures.
