An ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulation test is a diagnostic procedure used to assess the functioning of the adrenal glands. It evaluates how well the adrenal glands respond to ACTH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release another hormone called cortisol. This test is crucial in diagnosing conditions such as adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).