The primary cause of HIE is a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain. Several factors can contribute to this condition, including:
Birth asphyxia: Complications during labor and delivery can lead to decreased oxygen supply. Placental insufficiency: Problems with the placenta can impair oxygen delivery to the fetus. Umbilical cord problems: Issues such as a prolapsed cord or cord compression. Maternal hypotension: Low blood pressure in the mother can reduce blood flow to the fetus. Severe fetal anemia
