A thorough pediatric physical examination includes the following components:
- General Appearance: Assess the child's overall well-being, demeanor, and interaction with the environment.
- Growth Parameters: Measure height, weight, and head circumference and plot these on age-appropriate growth charts.
- Vital Signs: Check temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
- Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT): Examine for any abnormalities or signs of infection.
- Chest and Lungs: Listen for breath sounds, wheezing, or other abnormalities.
- Cardiovascular System: Check for heart murmurs, pulses, and signs of cyanosis.
- Abdomen: Palpate for organomegaly, tenderness, or masses.
- Musculoskeletal System: Evaluate muscle tone, joint function, and skeletal integrity.
- Neurological Examination: Assess reflexes, motor skills, and developmental milestones.
