Several facial abnormalities can be observed in neonates, each with distinct features and implications:
- Cleft Lip and Palate: This is one of the most common congenital anomalies. It involves a gap or split in the upper lip and/or the roof of the mouth. Early surgical intervention is often required.
- Down Syndrome: Characterized by a flat facial profile, upward slanting eyes, and a short neck. This condition is due to an extra copy of chromosome 21.
- Pierre Robin Sequence: This involves a smaller-than-normal lower jaw, a tongue that falls back in the throat, and difficulty breathing. It is often associated with a cleft palate.
- Treacher Collins Syndrome: Marked by underdeveloped facial bones, particularly the cheekbones, and a very small jaw and chin.
- Hemifacial Microsomia: Occurs when one side of the face is underdeveloped, affecting the ear, mouth, and jaw areas. This can lead to issues with hearing, breathing, and feeding.
