fluid and electrolyte balance

How to Assess Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Children?

Assessment involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations. Key parameters include:
Clinical Signs: Monitoring for signs of dehydration (e.g., dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, decreased urine output) and overhydration (e.g., edema, hypertension).
Vital Signs: Observing changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
Laboratory Tests: Measuring serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urine output.

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