The establishment of the gut microbiome begins at birth. Several factors influence its development: 1. Mode of Delivery: Vaginal birth exposes the newborn to maternal vaginal and fecal microbes, while a cesarean section results in initial exposure to maternal skin and hospital environment microbes. 2. Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding: Breast milk contains prebiotics, probiotics, and beneficial bacteria, whereas formula milk may not provide the same microbiome diversity and benefits. 3. Introduction of Solid Foods: The transition to solid foods diversifies the gut microbiome. 4. Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome, potentially leading to long-term health issues.
