- Vaccination: Immunizations for diseases like rubella and influenza can prevent maternal infections. - Prenatal Screening: Regular screening for infections such as HIV, syphilis, and GBS during prenatal visits. - Good Hygiene Practices: Reducing exposure to pathogens through handwashing, avoiding certain foods, and practicing safe sex. - Antiviral and Antibiotic Treatments: Administering appropriate medications to manage infections during pregnancy.