What is Tinea Unguium?
Tinea unguium, also known as onychomycosis, is a common fungal infection that affects the nails. While it is more frequently observed in adults, it can also occur in children. This condition is caused by a variety of fungal organisms, most notably
dermatophytes, but also yeast and non-dermatophyte molds.
How Common is Tinea Unguium in Children?
Tinea unguium is less common in the pediatric population compared to adults. However, its incidence is increasing, likely due to factors such as increased participation in sports, communal living situations like summer camps, and the use of communal showers.
What are the Symptoms?
The symptoms of tinea unguium can vary but typically include discoloration of the nail (often yellow, white, or brown), thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Other symptoms may include debris under the nail, brittle or crumbling nails, and sometimes mild pain or discomfort, especially when wearing shoes.
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of tinea unguium is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may take a
nail clipping or scrape debris from under the nail for microscopic examination and fungal culture. This helps to confirm the presence of fungal elements and identify the specific type of fungus involved.
Family history of fungal infections
Participation in sports, particularly those that involve frequent contact with water or communal showers
Preexisting skin conditions like
tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Immune system deficiencies
Nail trauma
How is it Treated?
Treatment of tinea unguium can be challenging and often requires a prolonged course of therapy. Options include:
Topical antifungals: These are usually less effective for nail infections because they do not penetrate the nail well.
Oral antifungals: Medications such as terbinafine and itraconazole are more effective but may have side effects and require monitoring.
Nail removal: In severe or resistant cases, surgical or chemical removal of the nail may be considered.
Can Tinea Unguium be Prevented?
Prevention strategies include keeping nails clean and dry, avoiding walking barefoot in communal areas, wearing breathable footwear, and not sharing personal grooming tools like nail clippers. Additionally, treating any preexisting fungal infections promptly can help prevent the spread to the nails.
When to See a Doctor?
If you notice any changes in your child's nails that could suggest a fungal infection, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Conclusion
Tinea unguium in children, though less common than in adults, is a condition that requires attention and appropriate treatment. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage and prevent this infection effectively.
