What is Orbital Cellulitis?
Orbital cellulitis is an acute infection of the soft tissues located behind the orbital septum. It primarily affects the
eye socket and is characterized by inflammation, which can lead to eye complications if not treated promptly. This condition is more commonly seen in children than adults and requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications.
What Causes Orbital Cellulitis?
The most common cause of orbital cellulitis in children is the spread of a bacterial infection from the sinuses, particularly the
ethmoid sinus. Other causes include trauma to the eye area, foreign bodies, or infections from other parts of the body. The bacteria most frequently associated with this condition are
Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, and
Haemophilus influenzae.
What are the Symptoms of Orbital Cellulitis?
Children with orbital cellulitis often present with sudden onset of symptoms, which may include: Red, swollen, and painful eye
Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
Reduced eye movement
Fever
Vision changes, such as blurred or double vision
Headache
How is Orbital Cellulitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of orbital cellulitis involves a clinical evaluation, including a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as a
CT scan or
MRI of the orbits and sinuses are essential to differentiate it from preseptal cellulitis and to assess the extent of the infection. Blood tests and cultures may also be conducted to identify the causative bacterial pathogen.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment of orbital cellulitis requires prompt hospitalization and administration of
intravenous antibiotics. The choice of antibiotics is guided by the likely causative organisms and may be adjusted based on culture results. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain an abscess or to address complications such as vision impairment. Supportive care, including pain management and monitoring for complications, is also crucial.
Vision loss
Orbital abscess
Intracranial infections such as
meningitis or brain abscess
Sepsis
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing these potentially life-threatening complications.
How Can Orbital Cellulitis Be Prevented?
Preventative measures for orbital cellulitis include managing sinus infections promptly and effectively, maintaining good hygiene to reduce the risk of bacterial infections, and addressing any facial or eye trauma immediately. Regular pediatric check-ups can also help in early detection and management of sinus-related issues that could lead to orbital cellulitis.When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
Immediate medical attention is required if a child exhibits symptoms suggestive of orbital cellulitis, such as eye swelling, redness, pain, fever, or vision changes. Early intervention is crucial to avoid complications and to ensure timely treatment.
