What is Kawasaki Disease?
Kawasaki Disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that predominantly affects children under the age of 5. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries.
Who is at Risk?
Kawasaki Disease primarily affects children under the age of 5, with a peak incidence in those aged 1-2 years. It is more common in boys than girls and has a higher incidence in Asian and Pacific Islander populations.
Early treatment is crucial to minimize the risk of these complications.
What is the Treatment?
The primary treatment for Kawasaki Disease involves high-dose
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and
aspirin. IVIG is administered to reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of coronary artery aneurysms. Aspirin is used to reduce fever, inflammation, and prevent clot formation. In some cases, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents may be considered.
What is the Prognosis?
With prompt treatment, the prognosis for Kawasaki Disease is generally good, and most children recover fully without long-term complications. However, those with coronary artery involvement require long-term follow-up and management by a pediatric cardiologist.
How Can It Be Prevented?
Currently, there is no known way to prevent Kawasaki Disease, as its exact cause remains unknown. Awareness of the symptoms and early medical intervention are key to managing the disease effectively and preventing complications.
