What Causes APSGN?
APSGN is caused by an immune response to a preceding infection with nephritogenic strains of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). The body's immune system forms antibodies to fight the
streptococcal infection, but these antibodies mistakenly attack the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and impaired kidney function.
What are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of APSGN in children can range from mild to severe and typically appear 1 to 2 weeks after a throat infection or 3 to 6 weeks after a skin infection. Common symptoms include:
Hematuria (blood in the urine, often described as tea-colored or cola-colored urine)
Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)
Edema (swelling, particularly around the eyes, face, and legs)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Oliguria (reduced urine output)
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
How is APSGN Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of APSGN is based on clinical presentation, history of recent streptococcal infection, and laboratory tests. Key diagnostic tests include:
What is the Treatment?
There is no specific cure for APSGN, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting kidney function. Treatment options include:
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis for children with APSGN is generally good. Most children recover fully within a few weeks to months without long-term kidney damage. However, a small percentage may develop chronic kidney disease or other complications. Regular follow-up with a pediatric nephrologist is essential to monitor renal function.
Prompt administration of antibiotics for strep throat or skin infections.
Good hygiene practices to reduce the spread of streptococcal bacteria.
Educating caregivers about recognizing and seeking treatment for streptococcal infections.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
Seek medical attention if your child exhibits symptoms of streptococcal infection (sore throat, skin sores) or signs of APSGN (tea-colored urine, swelling, high blood pressure). Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes.
