HFJV is often indicated for pediatric patients, particularly neonates, who have severe respiratory distress or failure that is not adequately managed by conventional ventilation. Common conditions where HFJV might be used include: - Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) - Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) - Air leak syndromes