TDAP stands for Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis vaccine. It is a combination vaccine that protects against three potentially life-threatening bacterial diseases. Tetanus causes painful muscle stiffness and lockjaw, diphtheria can lead to breathing difficulties, heart failure, and paralysis, and pertussis, also known as whooping cough, causes severe coughing spells that can lead to difficulty breathing, vomiting, and disturbed sleep.