_Hypoxemia_ refers to low levels of oxygen in the blood. In newborns, hypoxemia can result from various conditions such as _respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)_, _congenital heart defects_, or _meconium aspiration syndrome_. Prolonged hypoxemia can lead to _hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)_, where the brain is deprived of adequate oxygen, potentially causing long-term neurological deficits.
