The causes of chronic heart and lung conditions in children vary. Congenital heart defects are typically caused by genetic factors or environmental influences during pregnancy. Acquired heart conditions, like rheumatic heart disease, may result from untreated infections such as streptococcal throat infections. Chronic lung conditions like asthma can be triggered by genetic factors, environmental allergens, or infections. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene.
