abnormalities in the heart

What Causes Neonatal Heart Abnormalities?

The exact cause of most neonatal heart abnormalities is not entirely understood, but they are believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some known risk factors include:
Genetic conditions such as Down syndrome.
Maternal diabetes or obesity during pregnancy.
Infections during pregnancy, like rubella.
Exposure to harmful substances like alcohol, certain medications, or smoking.
Family history of congenital heart defects.

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