Several factors can contribute to brain abnormalities in neonates:
Genetic Disorders: Mutations and inherited conditions can lead to congenital brain malformations. Infections During Pregnancy: Maternal infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV) or rubella can affect fetal brain development. Perinatal Asphyxia: Lack of oxygen during birth can lead to conditions like HIE. Prematurity: Premature infants are at higher risk for IVH and PVL due to their underdeveloped brains and fragile blood vessels. Maternal Health Issues: Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and substance abuse can affect fetal development.
