The exact cause of many craniofacial defects remains unknown, but they are often attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations, prenatal exposure to harmful substances, and [nutritional deficiencies]() are some of the factors that can contribute to these conditions. In some cases, craniofacial defects are associated with specific [syndromes]() such as [Apert syndrome]() and [Treacher Collins syndrome]().
