Several specialized feeding techniques are utilized based on the specific needs of the neonate:
Gavage Feeding Gavage feeding involves delivering nutrition directly into the stomach through a tube. It is often used for preterm infants who cannot yet suck or swallow effectively. The tube can be placed either through the nose (nasogastric tube) or the mouth (orogastric tube).
Breastfeeding with Assistance For infants with a weak sucking reflex or difficulty latching, tools like nipple shields or supplemental nursing systems can help. These devices can provide additional support and ensure the baby receives adequate milk.
Modified Bottles and Nipples Special bottles and nipples designed to control the flow of milk and reduce the effort required to suck can be beneficial for babies with conditions like cleft palate. These include Haberman feeders and Pigeon nipples.
Thickened Feeds For infants with GERD or other swallowing difficulties, thickening agents can be added to breast milk or formula. This helps reduce the risk of aspiration and makes swallowing easier.
Parenteral Nutrition In severe cases where the infant's digestive system cannot handle enteral feeding, parenteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly into the bloodstream through an intravenous line. This method is typically used as a temporary measure until the infant can tolerate other forms of feeding.
