1. Antibody Tests: These detect antibodies like IgM and IgG. IgM indicates recent infection, while IgG suggests past exposure or immunity. 2. Antigen Tests: These identify specific proteins from the pathogen, indicating active infection. 3. Neutralization Tests: These measure the functional ability of antibodies to neutralize pathogens. 4. Agglutination Tests: These involve the clumping of particles and are used for rapid screening.
