- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like indomethacin or ibuprofen can help close the ductus arteriosus. - Surgical Intervention: In cases where medication is ineffective, surgical ligation may be necessary. This involves physically closing the ductus arteriosus. - Minimally Invasive Procedures: Catheter-based techniques, such as coil embolization, are less invasive options to close the PDA. - Supportive Care: Includes oxygen therapy, fluid management, and nutritional support to manage symptoms and ensure growth.
