The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. After obtaining imaging, such as ultrasound or CT scan, to precisely locate the stones, a small incision is made in the back to access the kidney. A tract is then dilated to allow the insertion of the nephroscope. The stones are either removed in whole or fragmented using a laser or ultrasonic lithotripter, and the fragments are then extracted. Depending on the case, a nephrostomy tube may be left in place temporarily to ensure proper drainage of the kidney.
