Pediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, are particularly vulnerable to VILI due to their underdeveloped lungs and the need for mechanical ventilation in conditions such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). The smaller airways and alveoli in children make them more susceptible to overdistension and inadequate ventilation distribution, increasing the risk of VILI.
