What is Umbilical Cord Prolapse?
Umbilical cord prolapse is a rare but serious obstetric emergency where the umbilical cord descends into the birth canal before or alongside the presenting part of the fetus. This condition can lead to severe complications, including fetal distress and even stillbirth, due to compression of the umbilical cord, which restricts blood flow and oxygen to the fetus.
How Common is Umbilical Cord Prolapse?
Umbilical cord prolapse occurs in approximately 1 in 300 births. It is more frequently observed in cases of abnormal fetal presentations, such as breech or transverse lies, and in situations involving multiple gestations or preterm labor.
How is Umbilical Cord Prolapse Diagnosed?
Umbilical cord prolapse can be diagnosed through physical examination and confirmed by palpation of the cord in the vagina or visualization of the cord at the vaginal opening. Additionally, fetal monitoring may show signs of fetal distress, such as bradycardia (low heart rate) or variable decelerations.
Repositioning the mother to relieve pressure on the cord, such as Trendelenburg or knee-chest position
Manually elevating the presenting part off the cord
Administering oxygen to the mother
Rapidly preparing for
emergency cesarean section Avoiding artificial rupture of membranes in high-risk situations
Careful monitoring and management of labor in cases of abnormal fetal presentations
Considering elective
cesarean delivery for breech presentations or other high-risk scenarios
Conclusion
Umbilical cord prolapse is a critical condition that requires immediate attention to ensure the safety of the fetus. Understanding the risk factors, prompt diagnosis, and rapid management are essential to mitigate the potential adverse outcomes associated with this condition. Continued research and education are vital to improving the management and outcomes of neonates affected by umbilical cord prolapse.
