What is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. TB remains a significant public health issue worldwide, especially in developing countries.
How is Tuberculosis Transmitted?
TB is transmitted through
airborne particles when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Children are particularly susceptible due to their developing immune systems and close contact with adults who might be carriers.
Persistent cough Fever
Weight loss or failure to thrive
Night sweats
Fatigue and lethargy
In cases where TB affects other organs, symptoms will vary accordingly.
A combination of these tests is often used to confirm the diagnosis.
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
The treatment duration typically spans 6 months but can be extended depending on the severity and form of TB.
BCG vaccination: Administered at birth or shortly thereafter in high-risk areas
Early detection and treatment of active TB cases in the community
Ensuring good nutrition and overall health to bolster the immune system
Avoiding close contact with individuals known to have active TB
These complications underscore the importance of prompt and effective treatment.
Conclusion
Tuberculosis remains a serious health concern in pediatrics, particularly in regions with high prevalence. Early diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive measures are crucial in managing and controlling the spread of this potentially life-threatening disease in children.
