What is Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB)?
Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) is a measure of the amount of bilirubin present in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down
hemoglobin in red blood cells. Elevated levels of TSB can indicate various health issues, especially in newborns and young children.
How is TSB Measured?
TSB is typically measured through a blood test. In neonates, a sample is often taken from a heel prick. The blood is then analyzed to determine the concentration of bilirubin. Non-invasive methods, such as
transcutaneous bilirubinometry, can also estimate bilirubin levels but are less precise than blood tests.
What are the Normal Ranges for TSB?
The normal range for TSB varies with age. In newborns, TSB levels are generally higher due to the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin. Typical values are:
Newborns: less than 5 mg/dL (under 24 hours of age)
Newborns: less than 12 mg/dL (2-7 days of age)
Older children and adults: less than 1.2 mg/dL
Values above these ranges indicate hyperbilirubinemia and may require medical intervention.
Phototherapy: Uses light to break down bilirubin in the skin.
Exchange transfusion: In severe cases, where blood is replaced to rapidly reduce bilirubin levels.
Hydration and Nutrition: Ensuring adequate feeding and hydration, especially in cases of breastfeeding jaundice.
When Should Parents Seek Medical Attention?
Parents should seek medical attention if they notice signs of jaundice in their newborn, such as yellowing of the skin and eyes, poor feeding, lethargy, or high-pitched crying. Early intervention can prevent complications.
Conclusion
Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) is a critical parameter in pediatrics for assessing jaundice and other related conditions in newborns and young children. Understanding the causes, measurement, and management of elevated TSB can help in providing timely and effective care.
