What is a Stoma?
A
stoma is a surgically created opening on the abdomen that allows waste to exit the body. In neonates, stomas are often created due to congenital anomalies or complications from neonatal disorders like
necrotizing enterocolitis or
Hirschsprung's disease. The location and type of stoma can vary based on the disorder and the individual needs of the infant.
1. Gather Supplies: Mild soap, warm water, soft cloth or gauze, and a new stoma bag.
2. Remove the Old Stoma Bag: Gently peel away the old bag to avoid skin damage.
3. Clean the Area: Use a soft cloth or gauze soaked in warm water to clean around the stoma. Avoid rubbing; instead, use gentle dabbing motions.
4. Dry the Area: Pat the area dry with a clean, soft towel.
5. Inspect the Skin: Check for signs of redness, irritation, or infection.
- One-piece systems: These combine the bag and adhesive into a single unit, making them easier to apply.
- Two-piece systems: These have separate adhesive bases and bags, offering more flexibility but requiring more skill to manage.
How Often Should the Stoma Bag be Changed?
The frequency of bag changes can vary depending on the output and the type of stoma. Generally, the bag should be changed every 1-3 days or whenever there is leakage. Regular changes help prevent
skin breakdown and ensure the stoma functions properly.
- Skin Irritation: Often due to leakage or adhesive. Address this by ensuring a proper fit and using skin barriers.
- Infection: Signs include redness, swelling, or discharge. Keep the area clean and consult a healthcare provider if an infection is suspected.
- Prolapse: The stoma protrudes more than usual. This requires immediate medical attention.
- Training: Offer hands-on training on how to clean the stoma, change the bag, and recognize signs of complications.
- Resources: Provide written materials, videos, and access to support groups.
- Regular Follow-ups: Schedule regular check-ins to address any concerns and ensure proper care practices are being followed.
Conclusion
Stoma care in neonates requires a gentle, informed approach to prevent complications and ensure the health and comfort of the infant. By understanding the basics of stoma care, choosing the right equipment, and supporting caregivers, we can make a significant difference in the quality of life for these vulnerable infants.
