What is a Spacer?
A spacer is a medical device used in conjunction with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to enhance the delivery of medication to the lungs. It is particularly beneficial in pediatric patients who may have difficulty coordinating the actuation of the inhaler while breathing in. The spacer acts as a holding chamber that allows the child to inhale the medication at their own pace.
Why are Spacers Important in Pediatrics?
Spacers are crucial in pediatrics for several reasons. Young children often struggle with the correct use of inhalers, which can lead to improper medication delivery and suboptimal treatment of conditions like asthma. A spacer ensures that the medication is properly inhaled, thereby improving the effectiveness of the treatment and reducing the risk of side effects.
How Does a Spacer Work?
A spacer attaches to the mouthpiece of the MDI and holds the medication until the child inhales. This device helps to slow down the particles of medicine, making them easier to breathe in. The medication is suspended in the spacer, allowing the child to take a few breaths to inhale the full dose, rather than having to take a deep breath at the exact moment the inhaler is actuated.
Different Types of Spacers
There are various types of spacers available, including:
- Valved holding chambers: These have a one-way valve that prevents the medication from escaping before the child inhales.
- Non-valved spacers: Simple tubes that hold the medication but require good coordination to use effectively.
- Mask spacers: These are used for very young children or infants and include a mask that fits over the nose and mouth. When Should a Spacer be Used?
Spacers should be used whenever a child is prescribed a metered-dose inhaler, especially if they have difficulty using the inhaler correctly. Specific indications include:
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Asthma: To ensure effective delivery of bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Though less common in children, those affected can benefit from spacers.
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Acute respiratory conditions: For better administration of rescue medications.
How to Use a Spacer Correctly
Proper use of a spacer involves several steps:
1. Shake the inhaler: Ensure the medication is well-mixed.
2. Attach the inhaler to the spacer: Fit it securely to avoid any leaks.
3. Place the mouthpiece or mask: Ensure a good seal around the mouth or nose.
4. Actuate the inhaler: Release one dose of medication into the spacer.
5. Inhale slowly and deeply: The child should take several breaths if necessary.
6. Hold the breath: If possible, hold for about 10 seconds to allow the medication to settle in the lungs.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Not shaking the inhaler: This can result in uneven dosing.
- Incorrect attachment: A loose connection can lead to medication loss.
- Inhaling too quickly: Fast inhalation may cause the medication to deposit in the mouth and throat rather than the lungs.
- Not waiting between puffs: It is recommended to wait at least a minute before taking another dose.
Benefits of Using a Spacer
- Improved medication delivery: Ensures the medication reaches the lungs.
- Reduced side effects: Minimizes medication deposition in the mouth and throat.
- Ease of use: Simplifies the process for young children.
- Flexibility: Allows children to breathe in the medication at their own pace.
Conclusion
Spacers play a vital role in pediatric respiratory care by enhancing the delivery and efficacy of inhaled medications. They are especially beneficial for young children who may struggle with the coordination required to use an inhaler correctly. Understanding the proper use and benefits of spacers can lead to better management of conditions like asthma and improved overall health outcomes for pediatric patients.
