What is a Serum Bilirubin Test?
A
serum bilirubin test measures the levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down
hemoglobin in red blood cells. Elevated levels of bilirubin can lead to jaundice, a condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes.
When is the Test Performed?
The serum bilirubin test is commonly performed within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. It may be repeated if the newborn shows signs of jaundice or if initial levels were high. Factors such as prematurity, blood type incompatibility, and family history of jaundice can also necessitate additional testing.
How is the Test Conducted?
The test involves a simple blood draw, usually from the heel of the newborn. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results generally come back within a few hours to a day.
What Do the Results Mean?
Normal bilirubin levels in newborns vary depending on age (in hours), prematurity, and other factors. Elevated levels may indicate hyperbilirubinemia, which requires further evaluation and potentially treatment. The results help healthcare providers decide if interventions such as
phototherapy or
exchange transfusion are necessary.
What are the Treatment Options?
If bilirubin levels are moderately elevated, phototherapy is usually the first line of treatment. This involves placing the baby under special blue lights that help break down bilirubin in the skin. In severe cases, an exchange transfusion may be performed to rapidly reduce bilirubin levels.
Potential Complications
Untreated high bilirubin levels can lead to kernicterus, a type of brain damage that can result in permanent neurological problems. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent these severe outcomes.Conclusion
The serum bilirubin test is a vital tool in the management of neonatal disorders. Early detection and treatment of elevated bilirubin levels can prevent serious complications, making this test essential for the wellbeing of newborns.
