What is Reactive Arthritis?
Reactive arthritis is an
inflammatory condition that occurs in response to an infection in another part of the body. Although it is more commonly seen in adults, children and adolescents can also be affected. It often follows infections of the
urinary tract or gastrointestinal system.
What Causes Reactive Arthritis?
The exact cause of reactive arthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an
autoimmune reaction. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation. Genetic factors, such as the presence of the
HLA-B27 gene, may increase the risk of developing reactive arthritis following an infection.
How Does Reactive Arthritis Present in Children?
In children, reactive arthritis typically presents with
joint pain and swelling, often affecting the knees, ankles, and feet. Symptoms may include
fever, fatigue, and sometimes eye inflammation, known as
conjunctivitis. Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 4 weeks after an infection.
How is Reactive Arthritis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of reactive arthritis in children is based on clinical evaluation and history of a preceding infection. Laboratory tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions and to check for the presence of the HLA-B27 gene. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, may be used to assess joint inflammation and damage. What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for reactive arthritis focuses on relieving symptoms and managing inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (
NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce pain and swelling. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed. Physical therapy can help maintain joint function and mobility.
Can Reactive Arthritis be Prevented?
Preventing reactive arthritis involves reducing the risk of infections that trigger the condition. Good hygiene practices, safe sexual practices, and prompt treatment of infections can help minimize risk. For those with a known genetic predisposition, proactive management of infections is important.
What is the Prognosis for Children with Reactive Arthritis?
The prognosis for children with reactive arthritis is generally good. Most children recover fully within a few months, although some may experience recurring episodes. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term joint damage and improve outcomes. When Should You Consult a Pediatrician?
If a child exhibits symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, or redness, especially after a recent infection, it is essential to consult a
pediatrician. Early intervention can help manage symptoms effectively and prevent complications.
Key Points to Remember
Reactive arthritis is triggered by an infection and may have a genetic component.
Early symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and sometimes eye inflammation.
Treatment focuses on symptom management and may include NSAIDs and physical therapy.
Most children recover fully, but some may experience recurrent episodes.
Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms arise following an infection.
