What is Oropharyngeal Candidiasis?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is a fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida. It frequently affects the oral cavity and pharynx, leading to white patches or plaques on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, and tonsils. This condition is particularly prevalent in infants and children, especially those with weakened immune systems.
White, creamy patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, and tonsils that can be wiped off, often leaving a red, raw area
Cracking at the corners of the mouth, known as angular cheilitis
Pain or discomfort when swallowing
Increased fussiness or irritability in infants
Loss of appetite
Who is at Risk?
Certain factors increase the risk of developing oropharyngeal candidiasis in children:
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of oropharyngeal candidiasis typically involves a physical examination. A healthcare provider will look for characteristic white plaques in the mouth. In some cases, a sample of the affected tissue may be scraped off and examined microscopically to confirm the presence of Candida.
Nystatin suspension: Often used for infants and young children, this medication is applied directly to the affected areas multiple times a day.
Fluconazole: An oral antifungal that can be used in older children.
Clotrimazole troches: These lozenges can dissolve in the mouth, providing localized treatment.
Regularly clean an infant's mouth with a soft, clean cloth
Sterilize pacifiers and bottle nipples frequently
Ensure children rinse their mouths after using inhaled corticosteroids
Control underlying conditions such as diabetes
White patches in the mouth persist for more than a few days
The child experiences difficulty eating or swallowing
There are signs of a systemic infection, such as fever or malaise
Conclusion
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common condition in pediatrics, especially among infants and children with certain risk factors. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Preventive measures can also play a significant role in reducing the incidence of this fungal infection.
