Mycoplasma - Neonatal Disorders

What is Mycoplasma?

Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall, making them unique among bacterial pathogens. The most common species affecting humans is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which primarily causes respiratory infections.

How is Mycoplasma Transmitted?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted via close contact. Children in school settings or daycare centers are particularly vulnerable due to the close quarters and frequent interaction.

What are the Common Clinical Manifestations?

In children, Mycoplasma can cause a variety of symptoms, which may range from mild to severe. These include:

Fever
Cough (often persistent and dry)
Sore throat
Headache
Fatigue
Ear pain

In some cases, Mycoplasma infections can lead to more severe conditions like pneumonia or bronchitis.

How is Mycoplasma Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is often clinical, based on symptoms and patient history. Laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis and include:

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing
Serological tests to detect antibodies
Chest X-rays in cases of pneumonia

What are the Treatment Options?

Mycoplasma infections are typically treated with antibiotics, as the bacteria lack a cell wall and are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include:

Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)
Tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline) - typically for older children
Fluoroquinolones - usually reserved for more severe cases

Adequate rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms like fever and pain are also recommended.