Joint Hypermobility - Neonatal Disorders

What is Joint Hypermobility?

Joint hypermobility refers to joints that can move beyond the normal range of motion. This condition is relatively common in children and is often due to genetic factors. It can be part of a spectrum of conditions, such as Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) or more complex disorders like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS).

How is Joint Hypermobility Diagnosed in Children?

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the child's medical history. The Beighton Score is a commonly used tool to assess hypermobility. It involves a series of maneuvers to check the flexibility of various joints. A score of 4 or more out of a possible 9 indicates hypermobility.

What are the Symptoms?

While some children with joint hypermobility are asymptomatic, others may experience symptoms such as joint pain, frequent joint dislocations, and fatigue. In some cases, children may also develop other issues like flat feet or Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS).

What Causes Joint Hypermobility?

Joint hypermobility is often inherited and can be associated with variations in the genes responsible for collagen production. Collagen is a protein that helps provide structure and strength to connective tissues. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, and the condition can run in families.

How is it Managed?

Management of joint hypermobility focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing complications. Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen the muscles around the joints and improve stability. Pain management strategies, including analgesics and lifestyle modifications, can also be beneficial. In severe cases, orthotic devices may be recommended to support the joints.

When Should You See a Specialist?

While many cases of joint hypermobility are benign, it is advisable to consult a specialist if the child experiences severe symptoms, frequent joint dislocations, or signs of a more complex connective tissue disorder like EDS. A pediatric rheumatologist can provide a comprehensive evaluation and tailored management plan.

What is the Prognosis?

The prognosis for children with joint hypermobility varies. Many children outgrow the condition as they age and their connective tissues strengthen. However, some may continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. Early intervention and appropriate management can significantly improve the quality of life.

Can it be Prevented?

Since joint hypermobility is often genetic, it cannot be entirely prevented. However, early identification and management can mitigate symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. Encouraging regular, low-impact physical activity can also help maintain joint health.