What is High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC)?
High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is a form of respiratory support commonly used in neonates with respiratory distress or other pulmonary conditions. It involves delivering heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates through small nasal prongs.
It provides a consistent and adjustable flow of oxygen.
It helps in reducing the work of breathing by providing a small amount of positive pressure.
It can help in clearing out the carbon dioxide from the airways.
It is less invasive compared to other forms of respiratory support like mechanical ventilation.
How Does HFNC Work?
HFNC delivers heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates through nasal prongs. The flow rates can be adjusted based on the neonate's needs. The heated and humidified air helps in maintaining mucociliary function and reducing airway resistance.
Improved oxygenation and ventilation.
Reduced need for intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Greater comfort for the neonate compared to other methods like CPAP.
Reduced nasal trauma compared to other nasal interfaces.
Nasal trauma due to improper fitting of nasal prongs.
Potential for gastric distension if high flow rates are used.
Risk of delaying necessary intubation in severe cases.
Unrecognized hyperoxia, particularly in preterm infants.
Selection of appropriate nasal prong size.
Setting the flow rate and oxygen concentration based on the neonate's requirements.
Ensuring that the air is heated and humidified.
Monitoring the neonate's response to therapy, including oxygen saturation and respiratory rate.
Oxygen saturation levels.
Respiratory rate and effort.
Heart rate and general comfort.
Signs of nasal trauma or skin breakdown.
Conclusion
High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is a valuable tool in the management of various neonatal disorders. Its ability to provide consistent, heated, and humidified oxygen at adjustable flow rates makes it an effective and less invasive option compared to other forms of respiratory support. Understanding its benefits, risks, and proper administration is crucial for optimizing outcomes in neonates with respiratory challenges.
