What is Gluconeogenesis?
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. It is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting or intense exercise.
How Does Gluconeogenesis Differ in Infants?
Newborns have a higher rate of gluconeogenesis compared to adults. This is because their
liver is more active in producing glucose to compensate for their limited glycogen reserves. Additionally,
hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis is adapted to meet the high metabolic demands of growth and development.
How is Impaired Gluconeogenesis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests to measure glucose and related metabolites, and genetic testing to identify specific metabolic disorders. A
glucose tolerance test and assessing the response to fasting can also provide valuable information.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing hypoglycemia. This can include dietary modifications, such as frequent feeding with glucose-rich foods, and in some cases,
medication to stimulate gluconeogenesis. For inborn errors of metabolism, specific therapies tailored to the underlying genetic defect may be required.
Can Lifestyle Changes Help?
In some cases, lifestyle changes can help manage gluconeogenesis-related issues. Ensuring a balanced diet, regular meals, and avoiding prolonged fasting are essential. For children with specific metabolic disorders, adherence to prescribed dietary restrictions and supplements is crucial.
